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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Fangji Fulingtang in the treatment of acute kidney injury （AKI） induced by ischemia-reperfusion based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. MethodActive components of Fangji Fulingtang were retrieved from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP） and previous report and targets of these components were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction. The targets of AKI were searched from GeneCards， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， the database of gene-disease associations （DisGeNET）， and Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）. Protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed by STRING. Metascape was used for Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment of core targets. Cytoscape was employed to construct the "medicinal-active component-target-disease" network and “active component-target-pathway” network. AutoDock was applied for molecular docking. Finally， animal experiment was carried out to validate the mechanism of Fangji Fulingtang in treatment of AKI. ResultA total of 137 active components and 858 targets of Fangji Fulingtang， 1 294 targets of AKI， and 267 targets of Fangji Fulingtang in the treatment of AKI were screened out. Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 （PIK3R1）， phosphatidylinositol-4，5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha （PIK3CA）， proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase （SRC）， protein kinase B1 （Akt1）， and mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 （MAPK3） were the key anti-AKI targets of Fangji Fulingtang， which were involved in 1 609 GO terms， particularly cell response to lipids， membrane rafts， and protein kinase activity， and 140 KEGG pathways such as PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， chemokine signaling pathway， and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the core active components had strong binding affinity to the key targets. The hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining results indicated that Fangji Fulingtang can significantly improve the pathological state and the serological results suggested that the levels of serum creatinine （SCr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） were significantly reduced. ConclusionThis study clarified the mechanism of Fangji Fulingtang in the treatment of AKI and found that Fangji Fulingtang had the multi-component， multi-target， and multi-pathway characteristics in the treatment of AKI. The result lays a foundation for further study of its specific mechanism.
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Objective@#To investigate the surgical techniques and clinical effect of Memokath transurethral spiral thermo-expandable prostatic stent (STEPS) implantation in the treatment of BPH.@*METHODS@#From January 2017 to January 2018, 26 BPH patients underwent Memokath transurethral STEPS implantation, 9 under the flexible cystoscope and the other 17 under the rigid cystoscope. The patients were aged 62－91 years old, with a prostate volume of 32－78 ml, postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) of (67.3 ± 11.2) ml, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) of (6.3 ± 1.8) ml/s, and IPSS score of 26.7 ± 5.7. Eight of the patients had preoperative urinary retention, of whom, 6 received catheterization and 2 had undergone cystostomy for bladder fistula before STEPS implantation.@*RESULTS@#The operations lasted 15－30 minutes and were successfully completed in 24 cases while stent-shedding occurred in the other 2. Twenty-two of the patients achieved spontaneous urination immediately after surgery and 2 experienced bladder clot embolism. At 3 month after surgery, 24 of the patients showed significant improvement in PVR (［21.4 ± 7.7］ ml), Qmax (［18.3 ± 4.7］ ml/s) and IPSS (8.3 ± 2.1), and 13 exhibited no statistically significant difference from the baseline in the IIEF-5 score (14.1 ± 1.1 vs 14.3 ± 1.0, P > 0.05). At 12 months, all the patients were found with markedly improved urination but no adverse events except recurrent urinary tract infection in 2 cases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Memokath STEPS implantation, with its advantages of simple operation, high safety, definite effectiveness, non-influence on sexual function, is a new effective surgical option for the treatment of BPH.
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A case control study including 45 acute pancreatitis and 44 healthy volunteers was performed to investigate the association between intestinal microbial community and acute pancreatitis. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to profile the microbiological composition of the samples. In total, 27 microbial phyla were detected and the samples of pancreatitis patients contained fewer phyla. Samples from acute pancreatitis patients contained more Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and fewer Firmicutes and Actinobacteria than those from healthy volunteers. PCoA analyses distinguished the fecal microbial communities of acute pancreatitis patients from those of healthy volunteers. The intestinal microbes of acute pancreatitis patients are different from those of healthy volunteers. Modulation of the intestinal microbiome may serve as an alternative strategy for treating acute pancreatitis.
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Objective@#To study the therapeutic effect of Lamiophlomis Rotata Capsule (LRC) in the treatment of type ⅢB prostatitis.@*METHODS@#We randomly divided 225 patients with type ⅢB prostatitis into an experimental group (n =125) and a control group (n =120), the former treated orally with LRC at 3 capsules tid while the latter with tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release capsules at 0.2 mg qd, both for 4 weeks. We compared the therapeutic effects between the two groups of patients based on the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) obtained before, immediately after and at 4 weeks after medication.@*RESULTS@#A total of 120 patients completed the treatment in the experimental group, which showed remarkable decreases as compared with the baseline in the pain score (5.30 ± 1.23 vs 14.68 ± 1.51, P0.05). The experimental group achieved even markedly lower scores than the controls in the pain symptom (5.30 ± 1.23 vs 13.67 ± 1.49, P<0.05), QoL (6.46 ± 0.93 vs 7.47 ± 0.88, P<0.05) and total NIH-CPSI (17.50 ± 2.77 vs 25.77 ± 2.01, P<0.05) but a higher urination symptoms score than the latter after medication (7.16 ± 1.04 vs 5.68 ± 1.34, P<0.05). At 4 weeks after drug withdrawal, the experimental group also showed significantly lower scores of the pain symptom (7.23 ± 1.03), QoL (6.58 ± 0.87) and total NIH-CPSI (22.18 ± 2.03) than the baseline (all P<0.05) and those in the control group (14.14 ± 0.98, 8.12 ± 0.72 and 26.89 ± 1.67) (all P<0.05). Apart from dizziness in 2 of the patients, who gave up medication halfway, no other obvious adverse reactions were observed during the experiment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Lamiophlomis Rotata Capsule deserves to be recommended for the treatment of type ⅢB prostatitis for its safety and effectiveness in reducing the pain and improving the life quality of the patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Capsules , Chronic Disease , Delayed-Action Preparations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Pain Management , Prostatitis , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Quality of Life , Tamsulosin , Therapeutic Uses , Urination , Urological Agents , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Over 80% of the patients with prostate cancer (PCa) develop bone metastasis, which seriously affects the patients' quality of life and remains a major cause of morbidity. Radium-223 (Ra-223), a newly approved agent targeting bone metastasis of PCa, can improve the quality of life and prolong the overall survival of the PCa patients with bone metastasis. This article presents an overview of the clinical trials recently published on the management of bone metastasis of PCa with Ra-223.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Bone Neoplasms , Radiotherapy , Clinical Trials as Topic , Prostatic Neoplasms , Pathology , Quality of Life , Radioisotopes , Radium , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
From January 2008 to January 2013, 11 patients with central renal tumors underwent ultrasound-guided open nephron sparing surgery (ONSS) without renal artery occlusion. We removed the lesions, and the cut edges of the tumors were negative. Thus, we deduced that ultrasound-guided ONSS is suitable for the cases with obscure tumor boundary or multiple lesions. It could achieve the purpose of thoroughly removing lesions, as well as to expand the application range of nephron sparing surgery.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Arterial Occlusive Diseases , Carcinoma, Renal Cell , General Surgery , Kidney Neoplasms , General Surgery , Nephrons , General Surgery , Postoperative Complications , Renal Artery , Pathology , General Surgery , Surgery, Computer-Assisted , Methods , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
From January 2008 to January 2013, 11 patients with central renal tumors underwent ultrasound-guided open nephron sparing surgery (ONSS) without renal artery occlusion. We removed the lesions, and the cut edges of the tumors were negative. Thus, we deduced that ultrasound-guided ONSS is suitable for the cases with obscure tumor boundary or multiple lesions. It could achieve the purpose of thoroughly removing lesions, as well as to expand the application range of nephron sparing surgery.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficacy and safety of Saw Palmetto Extract Capsules in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a multi-centered open clinical study on 165 BPH patients treated with Saw Palmetto Extract Capsules at a dose of 160 mg qd for 12 weeks. At the baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of medication, we compared the International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS), prostate volume, postvoid residual urine volume, urinary flow rate, quality of life scores (QOL), and adverse events between the two groups of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the baseline, both IPSS and QOL were improved after 6 weeks of medication, and at 12 weeks, significant improvement was found in IPSS, QOL, urinary flow rate, and postvoid residual urine. Mild stomachache occurred in 1 case, which necessitated no treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Saw Palmetto Extract Capsules were safe and effective for the treatment of BPH.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Capsules , Plant Extracts , Therapeutic Uses , Prostatic Hyperplasia , Drug Therapy , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP) with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) in the treatment of prostate cancer and investigate the clinical application value of RLRP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed 70 cases of prostate cancer treated by RALRP and another 32 cases treated by LRP. We compared the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, catheter-indwelling time, postoperative hospital stay, incisal margin positive rate, biochemical recurrence, and normal postoperative urinary continence and penile erectile function between the two groups of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the operations were successfully accomplished. RALRP exhibited a significant superiority over LRP in intraoperative blood loss and transfusion, catheter-indwelling time, and postoperative hospital stay, urinary continence and erectile function (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, with its advantages of few postoperative complications and well-preserved urinary continence and penile erectile function, is an effective, safe and minimally invasive surgical option for prostate cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Blood Loss, Surgical , Laparoscopy , Length of Stay , Operative Time , Penile Erection , Postoperative Complications , Postoperative Period , Prostatectomy , Methods , Prostatic Neoplasms , General Surgery , Retrospective Studies , Robotic Surgical Procedures , MethodsABSTRACT
Most prostate cancer cases ultimately relapse after a period of initial response to castration therapy and progress to intractable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Hardly any therapeutic options currently used can improve the 2- to 3-year survival of the patient. Recently, some new drugs for the treatment of CRPC through various action mechanisms have been approved, and others are in the advanced stage of clinical trial. This review provides an overview of these new therapeutic agents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Antineoplastic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Orchiectomy , Prostatic Neoplasms , General Surgery , Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant , Drug Therapy , MortalityABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the effect of ONO-AE3-208, an EP4 antagonist, on the formation of bone metastasis from prostate cancer in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-four 6-week old nude mice were divided into an experimental and a control group of equal number to be treated by intraperitoneal injection of ONO-AE3-208 and double distilled water, respectively. Then PC3/LUC cells were constructed by stably transfecting luciferin to prostate cancer PC3 cells and inoculated into the left ventricle of the mice to establish an animal model of systemic bone metastasis. The time of metastasis formation, photon tumor burdens, and changes of the survival curves after modeling were compared between the two groups of mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 30 days after modeling, bioluminescence imaging analysis showed that the photon tumor burdens were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in the control group in comparison with those in the experimental group (P < 0.01). The rate of metastasis formation was significantly higher in the former than in the latter (93.3% vs 33.3%, P < 0.001). The median time of metastasis formation was 29 d (95% CI 26.547 - 35.262) in the experimental animals as compared with 21 d (95% CI 17.213 -24.787) in the controls (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208 can inhibit the formation of bone metastasis from prostate cancer in mice.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Bone Neoplasms , Cell Line, Tumor , Disease Models, Animal , Mice, Nude , Naphthalenes , Pharmacology , Neoplasms, Experimental , Phenylbutyrates , Pharmacology , Prostatic Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the causes, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention of calculus that develops in the prostatic cavity after transurethral resection of the prostate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We reported 11 cases of calculus that developed in the prostatic cavity after transurethral resection or transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate. The patients complained of repeated symptoms of frequent micturition, urgent micturition and urodynia after operation, accompanied with urinary tract infection and some with urinary obstruction, which failed to respond to anti-infective therapies. Cystoscopy revealed calculi in the prostatic cavity, with eschar, sphacelus, uneven wound surface and small diverticula in some cases. After diagnosis, 1 case was treated by holmium laser lithotripsy and a second transurethral resection of the prostate, while the other 10 had the calculi removed under the cystoscope, followed by 1 -2 weeks of anti-infective therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, all the 11 cases showed normal results of routine urinalysis, and no more symptoms of frequent micturition, urgent micturition and urodynia. Three- to six-month follow-up found no bladder irritation symptoms and urinary tract infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Repeated symptoms of frequent micturition, urgent micturition, urodynia and urinary tract infection after transurethral resection of the prostate should be considered as the indicators of calculus in the prostatic cavity, which can be confirmed by cystoscopy. It can be treated by lithotripsy or removal of the calculus under the cystoscope, or even a second transurethral resection of the prostate. For its prevention, excessive electric coagulation and uneven wound surface should be avoided and anti-infection treatment is needed.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prostatic Diseases , Therapeutics , Transurethral Resection of Prostate , Methods , Urinary Calculi , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of the downregulated expression of the prostate androgen regulated (PAR) gene on the cell cycle and apoptosis of PC3 cells as well as on the expression level of Bcl-2/Bax.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After transfecting PC3 cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PAR, we detected the inhibitory effect of PAR depletion on the proliferation of the PC3 cells by MTT assay, determined their apoptosis by flow cytometry, and measured the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of PAR was suppressed by siRNA, the G2-M phase PC3 cells were increased to (29.95 +/- 3.25)%, and the apoptosis of the cells was enhanced to (20.61 +/- 2.73)%, with statistically significant difference from the control group (P < 0.01). Western blot showed a decreased expression of Bcl-2, an increased expression of Bax, and an elevated ratio of Bax to Bcl-2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Downregulation of the PAR expression increases the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Bax expression, and thus induces the G2-M phase arrest and apoptosis of PC3 cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Apoptosis , Cell Cycle Checkpoints , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Membrane Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Neoplasm Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Prostate , Metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Small Interfering , Genetics , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Malignant sinonasal melanoma (MSM) is a rare tumor with a perplexing signal intensity due to variable histopathologic components. This study was undertaken to delineate its MR imaging features.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MR imaging findings of 10 patients (6 women and 4 men, mean age 61.3 years old) with pathologically confirmed MSM were retrospectively reviewed. The location, size, signal intensity, enhancement, and internal imaging characteristics of all tumors were evaluated. Signal intensity and degree of enhancement was graded in comparison with the gray matter and adjacent muscle uptake, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 8 tumors that were pathologically confirmed to contain melanin. Compared to gray matter of the brain, 7 of them demonstrated hyperintensity on T1WI and 6 (6/7) showed hypointensity on T2WI. There was multiple linear, dark-signal intensity on T2WI within the mass in 9 of the 10 patients' tumors. Evaluated with gadolinium-enhanced imaging, all 10 patients showed moderate enhancement within the areas that were isointense in the lesion on pregadolinium T1WI. Moreover, some parts which displayed hyperintensity on T1WI within the tumors of 7 patients showed mild enhancement that was similar to muscle on a time-intensity curve (TIC).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MSM shows characteristic MR signal intensity (hyperintensity on T1WI and the linear, low-signal intensity on T2WI), which may provide valuable information for clinical diagnosis. Together with conventional MRI, TIC may be useful for indicating pleomorphic patterns of MSM.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methods , Melanoma , Pathology , Nasal Cavity , Pathology , Nose Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine (5-aza-2dc) and docetaxel (DT), alone or in combination, on the proliferation, migration, apoptosis and cell cycles of the human prostate cancer cell line PC3, and to investigate the possible mechanisms of these two drugs acting on prostate cancer in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four groups were designed in this experiment: control, 5-aza-2dc, DT, and 5-aza-2dc + DT. The inhibitory effect of 5-aza-2dc and/or DT on the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of PC3 cells was detected by MTT, wound healing assay and cell migration assay, respectively. The apoptosis of the PC3 cells and its relationship with cell cycles were determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>5-aza-2dc and/or DT significantly increased the inhibition rate of the PC3 cells, decreased their migration distance and reduced the number of the cells that invaded the lower chamber, most significantly in the 5-aza-2dc + DT group (P < 0.05). The cell apoptosis rates of the control, 5-aza-2dc, DT and 5-aza-2dc + DT groups were (10.65 +/- 0.39)%, (16.60 +/- 0.67)%, (17.95 +/- 1.08)% and (22.98 +/- 1.18)%, respectively, with the most significant increase in the combination group (P < 0.05). Combined medication of 5-aza-2dc and DT remarkably reduced the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase, and increased that in the G2/M phase (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>5-aza-2dc and DT, either alone or in combination, can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of PC3 cells in vitro, as well as induce their apoptosis and arrest their cell cycles in the G2/M phase, with even more significant effect when used in combination than applied alone.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Apoptosis , Cell Cycle , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Deoxycytidine , Pharmacology , Drug Synergism , Taxoids , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the correlation of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CYP1A2 gene with the stages and grades of prostate cancer (PCa).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted gene sequencing of the rs2069514-3859 (A > G) and rs2069525-1707 (C >T) alleles in the CYP1A2 gene in 253 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 206 patients with PCa treated by castration therapy, and statistically analyzed their correlations with the genotypes, stages and grades of prostate cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidences of the 2 CYP1A2 SNPs showed no significant difference between the BPH and the castrated PCa patients (P > 0.05), and their genotypes were not correlated with the stages of PCa (P > 0.05). The Gleason scores were mostly <7 in the PCa patients with genotypes containing C in the rs2069525-1707 (C > T) allele (P = 0.030, OR = 4.658, 95% CI: 1.222 - 17.754).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SNPs of the CYP1A2 gene may have some correlations with the pathologic stages of PCa, but their mechanisms and clinical significance need to be further confirmed.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 , Genetics , Genotype , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Prostatic Neoplasms , Genetics , PathologyABSTRACT
Prostate cancer shows a strong predilection to spread to the bones. Cancer metastasis is composed of a complex cascade that involves a variety of critical steps beginning with detachment from the primary tumor and ending with growth of the tumor at a distant site. Varus factors produced by the bone microenvironment contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer skeletal metastasis. This review summarizes the multifactorial mechanisms and complex cellular interactions that take place inside the bone metastatic microenvironment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Bone Neoplasms , Neoplasm Metastasis , Prostatic Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effectiveness of freeze-thaw antigens and acid eluted peptide antigens extracted from tumor cell-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) in inducing prostate cancer-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tumor antigens were extracted from the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 with the repeated freeze-thaw and weak acid elution methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with recombinant human GM-CSF and IL-4 for inducing DCs in vitro. Then the DCs were pulsed with the two kinds of prostate cancer tumor antigens respectively and cultured with T cells for inducing CTLs. The activity of the tumor-specific CTLs were detected by LDH release assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The protein content in the tumor antigens obtained from PC-3 (2 x 10(7)) by citric acid-phosphate buffer elution and that by the repeated freeze-thaw method were (212.2 +/- 7.9) microg and (963.0 +/- 25.3) microg, respectively. The two kinds of prostate cancer antigens-pulsed DCs had a significant role in inducing the PC-3 cell-specific CTLs, and the CTLs induced by acid-eluted peptide antigen-pulsed DCs exhibited an even more significant tumor-specific cytotoxicity than those induced by repeated freeze-thaw ([60.4 +/- 5.52]% vs. [43.7 +/- 4.11]%, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both the weak acid elution and repeated freeze-thaw methods for extracting prostate cancer antigens can be used for in vitro sensitization of DCs. The DCs pulsed by either of the two kinds of antigens can activate CTLs, and the antigens extracted by weak acid elution are even more effective.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Antigens, Neoplasm , Allergy and Immunology , Cell Line, Tumor , Dendritic Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Prostatic Neoplasms , Allergy and Immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of the treatment of hypospadias with penile and scrotal skin flaps.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-three hypospadias patients aged 3.5-19 (mean 6. 8) years underwent urethroplasty with penile and scrotal skin flaps. All were followed up for 6 years and analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the total number of patients, 21 (91.3%) succeeded in one operation and the other 2 developed complications, including urethral fistula and urethral structure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Penile and scrotal skin, advantageous for its adequacy, rich blood supply and contribution to high success rate of surgery, is believed to be the first choice for urethroplasty in the treatment of hypospadias.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male , Hypospadias , General Surgery , Penis , General Surgery , Retrospective Studies , Scrotum , General Surgery , Skin Transplantation , Surgical FlapsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regulatory effect of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NS398 on the expression of the RECK gene in the animal model of prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Nude mouse models of prostate cancer were divided into an experimental and a control group, the former fed with NS398 at 0.1 mg/g per day for 10, 20 and 30 days, while latter left without medication. All the mice were killed at 30 days, the mRNA expressions of RECK and MMP-9 in the tumor tissues measured by RT-PCR, and the protein level of RECK evaluated by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both the mRNA and protein expressions of RECK were increased, while the level of MMP-9 decreased, in an obviously time-dependent manner in the experimental group as compared with the control.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>NS398 obviously inhibits the pathogenesis and metastasis of prostate cancer, which may be attributed to its induction of the expression of the RECK gene and suppression of the expression of MMP-9.</p>